Safety and Efficacy of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Versus Placebo as Adjuvant Therapy in Participants With Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and Complete Radiological Response After Surgical Resection or Local Ablation (MK-3475-937 / KEYNOTE-937)

Inclusion Criteria: * Has a diagnosis of HCC by radiological criteria and/or pathological confirmation. * Has an eligibility scan (CT of the chest, triphasic CT scan or MRI of the abdomen, and CT or MRI of the pelvis) confirming complete radiological response ≥4 weeks after complete surgical resection or local ablation. Randomization needs to occur within 12 weeks of the date of surgical resection or local ablation. * Has no radiologic evidence of disease prior to enrollment. * Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. * Has a Child-Pugh class A liver score (5 to 6 points) within 7 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. * Has alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentration lower than 400 ng/mL within 28 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. * Has controlled hepatitis B (Hep B). * Has recovered adequately from toxicity and/or complications from the local intervention (surgical resection or local ablation) prior to starting study treatment. * If female, is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: 1) Is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP); or 2) Is a WOCBP and using a contraceptive method that is highly effective or be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (a WOCBP must have a negative pregnancy test within 72 hours before the first dose of study treatment). * If undergoing surgical resection, has submitted a tumor tissue sample during Screening. * Has adequate organ function. Exclusion Criteria: * Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active antineoplastic treatment (including hormonal) or surgery within the past 3 years. * Has had esophageal or gastric variceal bleeding within the last 6 months. * Has clinically apparent ascites on physical examination. * Has had clinically diagnosed hepatic encephalopathy in the last 6 months. * Has received local therapy to liver ablation other than with radiofrequency or microwave ablation. * Has a history of (noninfectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease that required steroids or has current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease. * Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy. * Has dual active Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection at study entry. * Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. * Has known active tuberculosis (TB; Bacillus tuberculosis). * Has received prior therapy with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti PD-L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, CTLA-4, OX-40, CD137). * Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy for HCC including investigational agents. * Is receiving any of the following prohibited concomitant therapies:1) Antineoplastic systemic chemotherapy or biological therapy; 2) Immunotherapy not specified in this protocol; 3) Investigational agents other than pembrolizumab; 4) Radiation therapy; 5) Oncological surgical therapy; or systemic glucocorticoids for any purpose other than to modulate symptoms from an AE that is suspected to have an immunologic etiology. * Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. * Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. * Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1. * Has severe hypersensitivity (≥Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients. * Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years. * Has a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with the participant's ability to cooperate with the requirements of the study. * Has had an allogenic tissue/solid organ transplant.

Reproduced word-for-word from the public registry record — the study team can answer questions about it.