Multiparametric MRI for Diagnosing Small Renal Tumors

Renal cell carcinoma represents annually 3-5% of all new cancer diagnoses. To date, the standard of care for small renal masses is partial nephrectomy. However, in the specific setting of small renal masses, 20% of them are benign and surgery results in overtreatment. Non-invasive techniques able to differentiate the inherent characteristics of tumors (nature, aggressiveness) would be useful to offer the most appropriate therapeutic options. Morphological ultrasound or CT imaging appeared limited because of the lack of discriminatory power. Based on the data of retrospective studies, the hypothesis is that multiparametric (mp) MR parameters using chemical shift, diffusion and/or contrast injection techniques may be a reproducible diagnostic test with sufficient diagnostic accuracy to differentiate benign from malignant renal tumors. The originality of this project lies in the opportunity to simultaneously assess the performance of mpMRI in diagnosing renal tumors in a routine clinical practice in 18 centers. In each center, two independent MRI readings performed by two radiologists will be carried out within a short delay and interpreted blind to each other's results or pathological results using a predefined template. A third reading will also be centrally performed by the coordinating center according to similar modality. All clinical, radiological and pathological data will be collected after anonymization in the UroCCR database. These informations are used to adjust the t…

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