Modulation of Periapical Inflammation Following Nano-sized Intracanal Medication. A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The main cause of endodontic disorders is microbial infection. From the infected pulp tissue, microorganisms can penetrate into the deeper layers of root dentine and propagate a periapical tissue through the apical foramen and lateral canals causing apical periodontitis. Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the periapical area of teeth with a global prevalence of 52% among individuals and 5% at tooth level. At the periapical region, microbes and their products encounter the host immune defense. Innate immune cells combat bacteria through phagocytosis and release anti-microbial substances, while adaptive immune cells initiate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. This immune activation also stimulates osteoclasts, leading to bone resorption and creating space for the inflammatory cells' infiltration . During periapical inflammation, immune cells migrate to the periapical area, where they release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10). These cytokines play crucial roles in modulating inflammation and tissue repair. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small (18-22 nucleotides) single-stranded, noncoding RNAs. It has been well acknowledged that miRNAs influence gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by targeting mRNA 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). Accumulating evidence has suggested that miRNA expression is related to the…

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Sabah Morad Sobhy, PHD  ·  +201096529143  ·  sabamorad@yahoo.com

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