Functional Capacity, Subjective Dyspnea and Fatigue in Smokers

Smoking remains a significant public health problem among the young adult population. Epidemiological studies in Turkey show a steadily decreasing age of smoking initiation and a remarkably high rate of smoking among university-aged individuals. Exposure to secondhand smoke is known to have negative effects on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and peripheral muscle function. Impaired lung ventilation, reduced gas exchange, and insufficient oxygen transport due to smoking can lead to decreased exercise tolerance, premature fatigue, and increased perception of exertional dyspnea. These effects can manifest as a decrease in functional capacity even before the development of a clinically significant respiratory disease. Functional capacity is an important indicator reflecting an individual's ability to perform daily living activities and is frequently assessed in clinical research using submaximal exercise tests. The 6-Minute Walk Test is a widely used, valid, and reliable test for assessing cardiorespiratory endurance and overall functional status. Similarly, the 1-Minute Sit-Stand Test is recommended as a practical and applicable method for evaluating lower extremity muscle endurance and functional performance. Dyspnea is a multidimensional symptom reflecting an individual's subjective perception of respiratory discomfort and is assessed using scales such as the Modified Medical Research Council and the Borg Dyspnea Scale. The Turkish Thoracic Society's dyspnea …

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