Natural History, Evolution, and Clinical Features of Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by the loss of oxyntic glands and mucosal atrophy1.Specific autoantibodies directed to gastric parietal cells (PCA) and/or to intrinsic factors are inconstantly present1.Despite its morbidity, data on the epidemiology are scant. Its global prevalence has been estimated to be 0.5-4.5%.Hypo-achlorhydria and lack of intrinsic factor lead to malabsorption of many nutrients, as vit. B12, iron and calcium.A damage on elevated turnover cells may develop, affecting hemopoiesis, nervous system, gut, and myocardium, depicting a systemic disease.Moreover, one of the primary function of gastric acidity as a bactericidal defensive barrier is impaired resulting in both gastric and intestinal microbiota modification. It was recently shown that conditions causing hypo-achlorhydria modify the composition of microbiota from stomach to colon. In particular, at colonic level a decrease in the abundance of commensal bacteria associated to a reduction in microbial diversity and an increase of oral bacteria in the stool were shown.The clinical spectrum is unspecific, especially in early stages, leading to substantial diagnostic delay.Patients may be asymptomatic or complain of gastrointestinal manifestations such as atrophic glossitis, malabsorption, diarrhea, and dyspepsia.These symptoms are insufficient for the diagnosis.Neurological and psychiatric symptoms are often overlooked; myocardial infarction due to demand i…

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Emanuela Miceli, MD  ·  +390382503545  ·  e.miceli@smatteo.pv.it

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