Microplastics, Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

Cirrhosis and portal hypertension are associated with an hyperdynamic circulation and hepatic inflammation, leading to complications like ascites, variceal bleeding, acute kidney injury, and higher infection risk. Microplastics (MPs) are a global plastic pollution issue, and studies have found plastic MPs or nanoparticles (NPs) contaminating human, animal and environmental ecosystems.It has been noted that the accumulation of MPs increases with a reduction in size of the plastic particle. MPs are categorized into primary particles such as manufactured plastics including pellets and cosmetic microbeads and secondary particles which originate from mechanical and ultraviolet disruption of large plastic particles. MPs can be ingested via food or beverages, especially plastic packaged comestibles or inhaled as environmental pollutants. Contamination of medications such as antibiotics, intravenous fluids, albumin and medical devices is another source of exposure to microplastics in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD)In particular exposure to endoscopic interventions, liver biopsy, and invasive procedures such as paracentesis and interventional radiology procedures can lead to plastic exposure and deposition of MPs in the liver and other tissues in patients with cirrhosis. It may be hypothesized that these may contribute to hepatic inflammation and progression of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Globally, there is new research on the influence of MPs on the environment, pla…

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